Bangladesh’s Resilience Blueprint at COP29

Bangladesh, though responsible for a minuscule fraction of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, faces severe climate change impacts due to its geographic vulnerabilities. Nestled in a low-lying deltaic region, the country is prone to extreme weather events, rising sea levels, and the salinization of arable lands. In response to these challenges, Bangladesh has emerged as a leader in climate resilience and adaptation. Over the past decade, it has implemented robust frameworks and innovative strategies to mitigate climate impacts. As Bangladesh approaches COP29, it advocates for climate justice, increased financing, and collaborative sustainability efforts, inspiring other vulnerable nations in the process.

Past Efforts and Milestones in Climate Adaptation: The history of Bangladesh’s climate resilience journey is marked by remarkable community spirit, scientific innovation, and strategic planning. The Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (BCCSAP), initiated in 2009, was a pivotal step toward a structured approach to climate change. This comprehensive framework combines traditional knowledge with science-backed strategies, significantly reducing disaster-related mortality and economic losses. Over the past decade, investments in cyclone shelters, early warning systems, and community-based disaster preparedness have led to a dramatic decline in cyclone-related fatalities, with local women often playing key roles in these initiatives. The Mujib Climate Prosperity Plan further enhances resilience by promoting climate-smart agricultural practices, mangrove afforestation, and improved water infrastructure, particularly in vulnerable coastal areas. Global partnerships with the United Nations, World Bank, and various NGOs have bolstered these efforts, providing crucial funding and technical support, enabling Bangladesh to expand its adaptation projects and strengthen its defenses against climate-induced disasters.

Innovative Solutions for Reducing GHG Emissions in Agriculture: Agriculture is fundamental to Bangladesh's economy, employing a significant portion of its workforce and serving as a vital source of sustenance. However, it also plays a role in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, particularly methane from livestock and rice cultivation. To address this challenge, Bangladesh has embraced sustainable agricultural practices aimed at reducing emissions. Techniques like alternate wetting and drying (AWD) in rice cultivation have been instrumental in minimizing methane production by reducing anaerobic conditions in the soil. Additionally, the promotion of deep-placed briquetted urea fertilizer has enhanced soil health while minimizing nitrogen loss, thus contributing to more sustainable farming practices.

In the livestock sector, innovative feed management and improved breeds have been implemented to lower methane emissions while simultaneously boosting productivity. With support from international partners, institutions such as the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) and the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council (BARC) have focused on developing low-emission technologies and high-yield crop varieties that withstand environmental stresses. These efforts in climate-smart agriculture underscore Bangladesh’s dedication to achieving food security while actively combating climate change, providing a replicable model for other agrarian nations facing similar challenges.

Ongoing Initiatives and Research in GHG Mitigation: Over the past five years, Bangladesh has witnessed a significant surge in climate-focused research, particularly aimed at mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and developing effective adaptation strategies. The International Centre for Climate Change and Development (ICCCAD) has emerged as a key player, leading capacity-building initiatives and championing locally led adaptation projects. Notably, their Youth Innovation Fund empowers young individuals to drive climate initiatives, cultivating a new generation of environmentally conscious leaders dedicated to sustainability. This emphasis on youth involvement underscores the importance of grassroots innovation in effectively addressing climate change challenges.

Research efforts have prioritized the reduction of methane and nitrous oxide emissions, particularly from the agricultural sector, which significantly impacts Bangladesh's GHG profile. Leading institutions, such as the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), the Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), and the Department of Environment, are pioneering the development of low-emission rice varieties and enhanced livestock breeds. Additionally, sustainable aquaculture practices, initiated through partnerships with World Fish and local research organizations, aim to reduce emissions from fisheries while ensuring food security and promoting biodiversity. Collectively, these initiatives reflect Bangladesh’s commitment to fulfilling its Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and strengthening climate resilience through diversified, sustainable food systems.

Community-Centric Innovations for Coastal Resilience: Bangladesh's coastline, home to millions and vital ecosystems like the Sundarbans mangrove forest, faces severe threats from sea-level rise and storm surges. In response, the government has invested heavily in embankments, coastal afforestation, and community-centered conservation initiatives, such as the Sundarbans mangrove reforestation project, which protects coastal areas from tidal surges while promoting biodiversity. By actively involving local communities in these conservation efforts, the government ensures sustainability and economic benefits. Community members are trained to monitor and maintain mangrove forests, creating income opportunities and fostering environmental stewardship. Additionally, community-based disaster management programs, like the Cyclone Preparedness Program (CPP) in collaboration with the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, effectively reduce disaster-related mortality by equipping locals with rapid response skills and enhancing early warning systems, thus strengthening overall resilience against climate impacts.

Bangladesh's Climate Advocacy at COP29: As Bangladesh prepares for COP29, it stands ready to advocate for climate justice on behalf of the world's most vulnerable nations. Given its status as a climate-vulnerable country, Bangladesh's voice is essential in urging high-emission nations to fulfill their commitments. With anticipated increases in its own emissions driven by economic growth, Bangladesh is calling for equitable and sustained funding mechanisms that support its development while addressing global climate challenges.

Guided by the Mujib Climate Prosperity Plan, Bangladesh's climate action over the next decade focuses on transitioning to renewable energy, enhancing air quality standards, and improving disaster management. The government estimates that achieving these goals will require $230 billion by 2050, highlighting the critical need for international cooperation and private-sector involvement. At COP29, Bangladesh will prioritize securing climate finance, promoting technology transfer, and advocating for accountability while sharing its adaptation successes to inspire similar initiatives across South Asia.

Building a Legacy of Resilience: Bangladesh's climate change journey stands as a testament to resilience and innovation, showcasing how even the most vulnerable nations can lead in adaptation and mitigation. With a strong emphasis on community engagement and climate-smart practices, Bangladesh is not only addressing its challenges but also advocating for climate justice on the global stage. As the country prepares for COP29, its focus on collaboration and securing sustainable funding will be pivotal in fostering long-term resilience. This inspiring narrative highlights the power of strategic planning and commitment, offering valuable lessons for other nations facing similar climate challenges.


Dr. Shahrina Akhtar is
Technical Specialist &
Research Adviser at Krishi
Gobeshona Foundation.