Musk shuts down Starlink service as Ukraine reclaimed territory

 
During a pivotal push by Ukraine to retake territory from Russia in late September 2022, Elon Musk gave an order that disrupted the counteroffensive and dented Kyiv's trust in Starlink, the satellite internet service the billionaire provided early in the war to help Ukraine's military maintain battlefield connectivity. According to three people familiar with the command, Musk told a senior engineer at the California offices of SpaceX, the Musk venture that controls Starlink, to cut coverage in areas including Kherson, a strategic region north of the Black Sea that Ukraine was trying to reclaim, Reuters reports.

"We have to do this," Michael Nicolls, the Starlink engineer, told colleagues upon receiving the order, one of these people said. Staffers complied, the three people told Reuters, deactivating at least a hundred Starlink terminals, their hexagon-shaped cells going dark on an internal map of the company's coverage. The move also affected other areas seized by Russia, including some of Donetsk province further east.

Upon Musk's order, Ukrainian troops suddenly faced a communications blackout, according to a Ukrainian military official, an advisor to the armed forces, and two others who experienced Starlink failure near the front lines. Soldiers panicked, drones surveilling Russian forces went dark, and long-range artillery units, reliant on Starlink to aim their fire, struggled to hit targets.

As a result, the Ukrainian military official and the military advisor said, troops failed to surround a Russian position in the town of Beryslav, east of Kherson, the administrative center of the region of the same name. "The encirclement stalled entirely," said the military official in an interview. "It failed."

Ultimately, Ukraine's counteroffensive succeeded in reclaiming Beryslav, the city of Kherson and some additional territory Russia had occupied. But Musk's order, which hasn't previously been reported, is the first known instance of the billionaire actively shutting off Starlink coverage over a battlefield during the conflict. The decision shocked some Starlink employees and effectively reshaped the front line of the fighting, enabling Musk to take "the outcome of a war into his own hands," another one of the three people said.

The account of the command counters Musk's narrative of how he has handled Starlink service in Ukraine amid the war. As recently as March, in a post on X, his social media site, Musk wrote: "We would never do such a thing."

Musk and Nicolls didn't respond to requests from Reuters for comment.

A SpaceX spokesperson said by email that the news agency's reporting is "inaccurate" and referred reporters to an X post earlier this year in which the company said: "Starlink is fully committed to providing service to Ukraine." The spokesperson didn't specify any inaccuracies in this report or answer a lengthy list of questions regarding the incident, Starlink's role in the Ukraine war, or other details regarding its business.

The office of Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskiy and the country's Ministry of Defence didn't respond to requests for comment. Starlink still provides service to Ukraine, and the Ukrainian military relies on it for some connectivity. Zelenskiy as recently as this year has publicly expressed gratitude to Musk for Starlink.

It isn't clear what prompted Musk's command, when exactly he gave it, or precisely how long the outage lasted. The three people familiar with the order said they believed it stemmed from concerns Musk expressed later that Ukrainian advances could provoke nuclear retaliation from Russia. One of the people said the shutoff transpired on Sept 30, 2022. The two others said it was around then, but didn't recall the exact date. Some senior US officials shared Musk's concerns that Russia would make good on threats to escalate, one former White House staffer told Reuters.

Musk's order was an early glimpse of the power the magnate now wields in geopolitics and global security because of Starlink, a fast-growing satellite internet service that barely existed early this decade and now provides connectivity even in remote areas of the world. Even before his brief role as financial backer and advisor to US President Donald Trump, the success of Starlink - and the unrivalled connectivity it offers across the planet - had given Musk increasing influence with political leaders, governments and militaries worldwide.

Musk's sway in military affairs in Washington and beyond - through Starlink's dominance in satellite communications and SpaceX's clout in space launches - has reached a dimension previously limited to sovereign governments, alarming some regulators and lawmakers. "Elon Musk's current global dominance exemplifies the dangers of concentrated power in unregulated domains," Martha Lane Fox, a member of Britain's upper house of parliament, said during a debate earlier this year. The parliamentarian is a businesswoman and former board member at Twitter, the social media site that Musk acquired in 2022 and rebranded as X.

"Its control," Lane Fox said of Starlink, "rests solely with Musk, allowing his whims to dictate access to vital infrastructure."

Musk's political influence, and his massive business with the US federal government, are now being put to the test. Since leaving his role advising Trump, Musk has publicly feuded with the president, announced plans to create a new political party, and criticised a signature spending bill that he said will expand the budget deficit and destroy jobs. Trump, for his part, has threatened to end government contracts and subsidies for Musk's companies, including lucrative new defence projects.

Whatever the reason for Musk's decision, the shutoff over Kherson and other regions surprised some involved with the Ukraine war - from troops on the ground to US military and foreign policy officials, who after Russia's full-scale invasion that February had worked to secure Starlink service for Ukrainian forces. Panicked calls by Ukrainian officials during the outage to seek information from Pentagon counterparts, five people familiar with the incident said, were met with few explanations for what could have caused it.

The US Department of Defense declined to comment. Reuters couldn't determine whether White House or Pentagon officials after the shutdown had any exchanges with Musk over the outage.

The Kherson episode is distinct from an earlier report of an incident that purportedly occurred that same September, involving Crimea just to the south, and raised concerns about Musk's ability to influence the conflict in Ukraine.

In his 2023 biography of Musk, author Walter Isaacson reported that the tycoon had ordered Starlink to disable coverage in Crimea, which Russia had annexed from Ukraine after a 2014 invasion that the international community condemned as illegal. Musk, Isaacson wrote, believed a planned Ukrainian attack on Russian vessels in the Crimean port of Sevastopol could prompt nuclear retaliation.

After the book was published, Musk denied a shutdown, saying that there had never been coverage in Crimea to begin with. He said he had, rather, rejected a Ukrainian request to provide service ahead of Kyiv's planned attack. Isaacson later conceded his account was flawed. A spokesperson at Isaacson's publisher declined to comment or make him available for an interview.

SpaceX also said in 2023 that it had taken unspecified steps to prevent Ukraine from using Starlink for certain activities, including drone attacks. "Our intent was never to have them use it for offensive purposes," Gwynne Shotwell, the company's president, said at a conference in Washington in February of that year. "There are things that we can do, and have done" to prevent it, she added, without providing further detail.

Reuters couldn't determine if the shutdown affecting Kherson was among the steps she was referring to. Shotwell didn't respond to requests for comment for this article.

Following the start of the Kherson shutdown, word of an outage emerged in some media reports. At the time, it wasn't clear to those who lost connectivity whether a technical problem, sabotage or some other factor was responsible. Early in the war, Russia had orchestrated a large cyberattack that disrupted service of another satellite operator, Western officials have said, creating suspicions around any outage and leaving a void quickly filled by Starlink. Russia has denied it conducts offensive cyberattacks.

As of April 2025, according to Ukrainian government social media posts, Kyiv has received more than 50,000 Starlink terminals. Easily transported and deployed, the pizza-box-sized devices communicate with thousands of SpaceX satellites now circling the globe. An initial batch of terminals was provided to Ukraine by SpaceX itself. Further terminals have arrived from donors including Poland, the United States and Germany.

This account of the outage, and the growing dependence on Musk by governments and militaries worldwide, is based on interviews with more than three dozen people with knowledge of SpaceX's operations and the company's technology. These people included current and former employees, US and European military officials, and senior politicians and diplomats.

The reporting puts a spotlight on Musk's control of services now critical to countries including the US, which has about $22 billion in contracts with SpaceX. Underscoring the point himself during his recent dispute with Trump, Musk threatened to decommission a SpaceX spacecraft the US now relies upon to transport astronauts and critical cargo.

His threat, later retracted, unnerved attorneys at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, who felt forced to explore whether Musk's warning could be considered a notice of contract termination, according to two people familiar with the matter. NASA didn't respond to Reuters' requests for comment.

"There needs to be some contractual assurances" that Musk won't cut off services to the US government, said Lori Garver, a former deputy administrator of the agency. "We will need to consider how comfortable the US will be at putting SpaceX in the critical path on national security."

As countries increasingly rely on tech companies for everything from cyber defence to data storage, the question of dependence on one or a few dominant service providers will apply to other nations, too. "Governments have to think through what that means," said Marcus Willett, former deputy head of Britain's Government Communications Headquarters intelligence agency and now a senior adviser to the International Institute for Strategic Studies, a London-based think tank.