Why is sending Bangladeshi forces to UN peacekeeping missions being discussed?

 
There have been discussions and arguments in recent times about the deployment of Bangladeshi forces in the United Nations peacekeeping missions. Six American Congressmen have meanwhile written to US President Joe Biden with references to alleged human rights violations in Bangladesh. Moreover, six Members of European Parliament have issued a letter recently to the top authorities of the European Union (EU) to put political, economic and diplomatic pressure on Bangladesh referring to allegations of human rights issues and extrajudicial killings by the law and order forces of Bangladesh.

United Nations Under Secretary General Jean Pierre Lacroix must prioritize a review of human rights violations by the security forces in Bangladesh during his visit to the country and ensure that perpetrators of human rights violations in the country do not get deployed on UN peacekeeping missions.
Bangladesh has a three-decade long history of providing forces for UN peacekeeping missions and is one of the largest contributors in the world, the Amnesty International said in a statement a few days ago.

The organization said this is concerning, given the human rights violations perpetrated by the Bangladeshi security forces, especially the Rapid Action Battalion (RAB), in the past. RAB officers, consists of Bangladeshi Army, Navy, Air Force, Border Guard Bangladesh (BGB), and police force, are accused of carrying out enforced disappearances, extra judicial executions, torture, and other ill-treatment, targeting opposition politicians, human rights defenders, dissenters, and activists, it added.

When the United States imposed sanctions against RAB, the statement read, they reportedly launched a campaign of threats, intimidation, and harassment against families of forcibly disappeared persons, human rights defenders, and the civil society.

Considering these accusations of human rights violations against RAB officers, the UN should suspend the use of RAB members in UN peacekeeping forces, until it can be ensured that those who participate are not perpetrators of human rights abuses, the Amnesty International pointed out. In addition to RAB, rights groups have reported human rights violations by the other branches of law enforcement authorities of Bangladesh.

Bangladeshi police opened fired at protesters in December last year, killing one and injuring around 60 others, when thousands of people took to the streets to protest against the ruling party.

It is paramount that the UN conducts due assessments of human rights violations while enlisting peacekeeping soldiers. The screening process should not be limited to high-ranking officials.

For years, the rights groups have been requesting the UN to introduce more transparency and accountability into the selection of peacekeepers from the countries that are top contributors, which has been largely ignored.

Amnesty International has documented human rights violations by the RAB and other security agencies in the past, and it is alarming that despite the rights groups as well as the United Nations highlighting these violations, this has not been taken into consideration when screening security officers to be deployed on peacekeeping missions.

Currently 7436 Bangladeshi security officials are engaged with the UN peacekeeping missions, to interact with other high-risk groups of people. These peacekeepers include 20 contingents of the Army, two of the Navy and four of the Air Force as well as three of the Bangladesh police, working in UN missions and activities. 572 of the 7436 peacekeepers are women.

The UN Working Group on Enforced and Involuntary Disappearances stated that "The sources report that the Rapid Action Battalion (RAB), a joint task force composed of members of the police, army, navy, air force, border guards, and Ansar (a paramilitary auxiliary force), has been repeatedly accused of committing severe human rights violations, including extrajudicial killings, torture, and enforced disappearances, and of operating under complete impunity."

Human rights groups have said that Bangladesh also has a record of impunity for the crimes committed by the security officials, while promoting the perpetrators to senior positions. Bangladesh should address these human rights violations, hold the perpetrators accountable, and end impunity.