Published: 12:00 AM, 21 February 2016
History of Amar Ekushey February
In 1947, after the partition of the India, there are difference in language, culture and geographic location although based on only the religious majority. East Pakistan and West Pakistan these two completely separate zones are formed Pakistan. West Pakistan domination was over the civil service, the military and others. West Pakistan despite being a minority population but they domination over the East Pakistan. West Pakistan planed that, the state education systems and for the management of the newly formed state, Urdu as the national language.
When East Pakistan knowing about this plans the secretary of "Tomuddin Majlis" Adul Qasim led a protest rally and arrange a meeting where demands Bengali also state language on Pakistan. In March 11, 1948 the march is to demand Bengali will state language. Shekh Mujibur Rahman, Kazi Golam Mahbub, Oli Ahad, Shaukat Ali, Shamsul Haq, and others were arrested during this time. Then 21st March, 1948, Former Governor General Mohammad Ali Jinnah dalliers in Dhaka rece krose ground, Urdu will the state language. People of East Pakistan don't accept General Mohammad Ali Jinnah decision. They become in action. Even more then 4 years are spent but the West Pakistanis do stop their conspiracy. In 27th January, 1952 newly appointed Governor-General of Pakistan Nawab Nazim Uddin and re-announced "will urdui the state". After this declaration Bangali protest this decision and All Party Committee strike is called on 21th February.Pakistani government announced section 144 on the same day on 21th February. People and student crowd began to gather in Dhaka University. And the people multitude of historical Amtala. The decision to bring together students and the public in violation of section 144. And they move on the Dhaka Medical College led by Gajiul Haque. When the march came near to the Dhaka Medical police start firing. In this shot Rafiq, Jabbar, Salam, Borkot fell into the ground by head of bullets. Rafiq brain burst out of the head by bullets. Additional blooding Jabbar and Barkat die that night. And Salam died on 25th February.
22th February morning at ratakhola Nawabpur arrange protest meetings and processions for 21th February cause but police also starting shooting. Here Shafiur Rahman was shot dead and a 9 years old boy Ahiulla and 26 years old rickshaw driver Abdul Awal.21th February each year as International Mother Language Day was celebrated simultaneously in all countries of the world. 17th November 1999 UNESCO recognized February as International Mother Language Day and since 2000 the world began to observe this day as the International Mother Language Day.
Saheed Rafiq
Language Martyr: Rafiq (1926-1952)
Date: 30th October 1926.
Birthplace: Vill: Paril, Union: Boldhara, PS-: Singair, Manikganj.
Death: 21th February 1952.
Burial ground: Azimpur Among the old cemetery, the graves of thousands of good language and Rafiq Ahmed, whose tomb is laid to rest at the Pakistani government, did.
Shaheed Abdul Jabbar
Language Martyr: Abdul Jabbar (1919-1952)
Date: 10th October 1919.
Birthplace: pamcuya village Gafargaon upazila of Mymensingh.
Death: 21th February 1952.
Burial ground: Azimpur old graveyard.
Shaheed Borkot
Language martyr: Abul Barkat (1927-1952)
Date: 16th June 1927.
Death: 21th February 1952.
Burial ground: Azimpur old graveyard.
Shaheed Salam
Language Martyr: Shaheed Salam (1925-1952)
Date: 1925.
Birthplace: Vill: lakhanapur, Thana: daganabhumina, District: Feni.
Death: 25th February, 1952.
Burial ground: Azimpur old graveyard.
Shaheed Shafiur Rahman
Language Martyr: Shaheed Shafiur Rahman (1918-1952)
Date: 4th January 1918.
Birthplace: kon-nagara, Hooghly, Chobbis-Parganas, West Bengal.
Death: 25th February 1952
Burial ground: Azimpur old graveyard.
Timeline of major events during Bhasha Andolon of 1947-52
" (June 1936 - 14-Point Manifesto by Central Parliamentary Board of Pakistan for "protection and promotion of Urdu")
" (3 October 1937 - "Urdu should be language of Bengali Muslims" advocated at Lucknow Session of Muslim League)
" 17 May 1947 - Muslim League leaders announce in Hyderabad, India, that Urdu will become state language for the still to be formed Pakistan
" 14 July 1947 - Dr. Ziauddin Ahmed says Pakistan should adopt Urdu
" 29 July 1947 - Bengali Dr. Muhammad Shahidullah defends Bangla
" July 1947 - Gono Azadi League (GAL) formed by Kamruddin Ahmed
" 1 September 1947 - Tamaddun Majlish formed under Professor Abdul Kashem's leadership
" 6-7 September 1947 - Gonotantric Jubo League (Democratic Youth League or DYL) held conference to resist Urdu
" 15 September 1947 - Tamaddun publish pamphlet "Pakistaner Rashtro Bhasha Bangla na Urdu?"
" 27 November 1947 - Fazlur Rahman Khan, Bengali Minister of Education, held Education Conference in Karachi, Pakistan, where Bangla is dropped
" 6 December 1947 - Dhaka University's teachers & students demand Bangla as an official language
" December 1947 - First "Rastrobhasha Sangram Parishad" (State Language Movement Committee) formed by Tamaddun's Professor Nurul Huq Bhuiyan
" 25 February 1948 - Dhirendranath Datta request Bangla as an official language in Constituent Assembly of Pakistan held in Karachi. Liaquat Ali Khan, Khwaja Nazimuddin & others object
" 26 February 1948 - Student in Dhaka protest
" 11 March 1948 - Shamsul Huq forms committee to led student hartal (demonstration) in order to conduct the Language Movement in a systematic way an all party organization named "Rastro Bhasha Sangram Parishad" was formed
" March 1948 - Chief Minister Khwaja Nazimuddin signs 7-Point agreement with 'Parishad'
" 21 Mar 1948 - Md. Ali Jinnah, father of the nation and Governor General of Pakistan, declares "Urdu and only Urdu" as national language of Pakistan in Ramna Racecourse (Suhrawardy Udyan), Dhaka, East Pakistan
" 24 March 1948 - Jinnah reiterates point in Curzon Hall campus of DU. Bangla students protest by crying out collectively "no, no" in loud voice
" 11 September 1948 - Jinnah dies. Nazimuddin becomes new Governor-General of Pakistan
" 8 November 1948 - Nazimuddin delivers watered down version of Bangla policy in the East Bengal Legislative Assembly
" 27 November 1948 - Golam Azam presents 'Historic Memorandum' to PM Liaquat Ali Khan demanding Bangla as state language
" 7 February 1949 - Central Pakistan education advisory board recommends Arabization of Bangla after receiving recommendation from Fazlur Rahman
" 23 June 1949 - Awami Muslim League formed by Maulana Bhashani
" 6 December 1950 - East Bengal Language Committee, presided by Maulana Akram Khan, recommends Arabization of Bangla
" 1950 - PM Liaquat Ali Khan declares "Only Urdu will be the national language of Pakistan"
" 16 October 1951 - Liaquat Ali Khan assassinated in Rawalpindi. Nazimuddin becomes new Prime Minister and Ghulam Muhammad, a public servant, becomes Governor-General
" 26 January 1952 - Nazimuddin declares "only Urdu" as state language in Paltan Maidan, Dhaka. This enrages people in East Pakistan
" 31 January 1952 - Kazi Golam Mahboob convenes "Shorbodolio Kendrio Rashtrobhasha Kormi Porishod" (All-Party Central Language Action Committee) with 40 various members. Maulana Bhashani selected as chairman
" 4 February 1952 - Abdul Matin forms "Dhaka University's State Language Committee" in language protest. Shorbodolio Kendrio Rashtrobhasha Kormi Porishod decide to declare February 21 as the day for strikes throughout the province terming the day as "Bhasha Dibosh" (Language Day). Gaziul Haq and Abdul Matin led student procession
" 19 February 1952 - Zillur Rahman leads student protest in Amtala of DU
" 20 February 1952 - Section 144, banning all processions and meetings for 30 days, imposed by District Magistrate of Dhaka on behalf of Pakistan Government
" Ekushey (21) February 1952 - Peaceful student, and later public, protest leads to killing by armed police. Amongst the dead is a 9 year old boy. They become the first shaheeds (martyrs) of Bangladesh. Chief Minister Nurul Amin ignores plea by Maulana Tarkabagish and others. Curfew announced by government
" 22 February 1952 - Gayebana Janaza held for Ekushey shaheeds, but more people killed by police again. First Shaheed Minar created in Dhaka
" 23 February 1952 - Tamaddun criticises government. Government orders crackdown of student leaders and prominent figures
" (17 April 1953 - Ghulam Muhammad dismisses PM Nazimuddin and appoints Bengali Muhammad Ali Bogra, Ambassador to USA, as new PM)
" (21 October 1955 - Awami Muslim League renamed to 'Awami League')
Opened in February killed more information is available in a variety of names, two martyrs who were killed rathakhola, Nawabpur they are: -
1. Ahiulla, bricklayer father Rahman Age: -9 years
II. A rickshaw driver Abdul Awal age: 26 years.
When East Pakistan knowing about this plans the secretary of "Tomuddin Majlis" Adul Qasim led a protest rally and arrange a meeting where demands Bengali also state language on Pakistan. In March 11, 1948 the march is to demand Bengali will state language. Shekh Mujibur Rahman, Kazi Golam Mahbub, Oli Ahad, Shaukat Ali, Shamsul Haq, and others were arrested during this time. Then 21st March, 1948, Former Governor General Mohammad Ali Jinnah dalliers in Dhaka rece krose ground, Urdu will the state language. People of East Pakistan don't accept General Mohammad Ali Jinnah decision. They become in action. Even more then 4 years are spent but the West Pakistanis do stop their conspiracy. In 27th January, 1952 newly appointed Governor-General of Pakistan Nawab Nazim Uddin and re-announced "will urdui the state". After this declaration Bangali protest this decision and All Party Committee strike is called on 21th February.Pakistani government announced section 144 on the same day on 21th February. People and student crowd began to gather in Dhaka University. And the people multitude of historical Amtala. The decision to bring together students and the public in violation of section 144. And they move on the Dhaka Medical College led by Gajiul Haque. When the march came near to the Dhaka Medical police start firing. In this shot Rafiq, Jabbar, Salam, Borkot fell into the ground by head of bullets. Rafiq brain burst out of the head by bullets. Additional blooding Jabbar and Barkat die that night. And Salam died on 25th February.
22th February morning at ratakhola Nawabpur arrange protest meetings and processions for 21th February cause but police also starting shooting. Here Shafiur Rahman was shot dead and a 9 years old boy Ahiulla and 26 years old rickshaw driver Abdul Awal.21th February each year as International Mother Language Day was celebrated simultaneously in all countries of the world. 17th November 1999 UNESCO recognized February as International Mother Language Day and since 2000 the world began to observe this day as the International Mother Language Day.
Saheed Rafiq
Language Martyr: Rafiq (1926-1952)
Date: 30th October 1926.
Birthplace: Vill: Paril, Union: Boldhara, PS-: Singair, Manikganj.
Death: 21th February 1952.
Burial ground: Azimpur Among the old cemetery, the graves of thousands of good language and Rafiq Ahmed, whose tomb is laid to rest at the Pakistani government, did.
Shaheed Abdul Jabbar
Language Martyr: Abdul Jabbar (1919-1952)
Date: 10th October 1919.
Birthplace: pamcuya village Gafargaon upazila of Mymensingh.
Death: 21th February 1952.
Burial ground: Azimpur old graveyard.
Shaheed Borkot
Language martyr: Abul Barkat (1927-1952)
Date: 16th June 1927.
Death: 21th February 1952.
Burial ground: Azimpur old graveyard.
Shaheed Salam
Language Martyr: Shaheed Salam (1925-1952)
Date: 1925.
Birthplace: Vill: lakhanapur, Thana: daganabhumina, District: Feni.
Death: 25th February, 1952.
Burial ground: Azimpur old graveyard.
Shaheed Shafiur Rahman
Language Martyr: Shaheed Shafiur Rahman (1918-1952)
Date: 4th January 1918.
Birthplace: kon-nagara, Hooghly, Chobbis-Parganas, West Bengal.
Death: 25th February 1952
Burial ground: Azimpur old graveyard.
Timeline of major events during Bhasha Andolon of 1947-52
" (June 1936 - 14-Point Manifesto by Central Parliamentary Board of Pakistan for "protection and promotion of Urdu")
" (3 October 1937 - "Urdu should be language of Bengali Muslims" advocated at Lucknow Session of Muslim League)
" 17 May 1947 - Muslim League leaders announce in Hyderabad, India, that Urdu will become state language for the still to be formed Pakistan
" 14 July 1947 - Dr. Ziauddin Ahmed says Pakistan should adopt Urdu
" 29 July 1947 - Bengali Dr. Muhammad Shahidullah defends Bangla
" July 1947 - Gono Azadi League (GAL) formed by Kamruddin Ahmed
" 1 September 1947 - Tamaddun Majlish formed under Professor Abdul Kashem's leadership
" 6-7 September 1947 - Gonotantric Jubo League (Democratic Youth League or DYL) held conference to resist Urdu
" 15 September 1947 - Tamaddun publish pamphlet "Pakistaner Rashtro Bhasha Bangla na Urdu?"
" 27 November 1947 - Fazlur Rahman Khan, Bengali Minister of Education, held Education Conference in Karachi, Pakistan, where Bangla is dropped
" 6 December 1947 - Dhaka University's teachers & students demand Bangla as an official language
" December 1947 - First "Rastrobhasha Sangram Parishad" (State Language Movement Committee) formed by Tamaddun's Professor Nurul Huq Bhuiyan
" 25 February 1948 - Dhirendranath Datta request Bangla as an official language in Constituent Assembly of Pakistan held in Karachi. Liaquat Ali Khan, Khwaja Nazimuddin & others object
" 26 February 1948 - Student in Dhaka protest
" 11 March 1948 - Shamsul Huq forms committee to led student hartal (demonstration) in order to conduct the Language Movement in a systematic way an all party organization named "Rastro Bhasha Sangram Parishad" was formed
" March 1948 - Chief Minister Khwaja Nazimuddin signs 7-Point agreement with 'Parishad'
" 21 Mar 1948 - Md. Ali Jinnah, father of the nation and Governor General of Pakistan, declares "Urdu and only Urdu" as national language of Pakistan in Ramna Racecourse (Suhrawardy Udyan), Dhaka, East Pakistan
" 24 March 1948 - Jinnah reiterates point in Curzon Hall campus of DU. Bangla students protest by crying out collectively "no, no" in loud voice
" 11 September 1948 - Jinnah dies. Nazimuddin becomes new Governor-General of Pakistan
" 8 November 1948 - Nazimuddin delivers watered down version of Bangla policy in the East Bengal Legislative Assembly
" 27 November 1948 - Golam Azam presents 'Historic Memorandum' to PM Liaquat Ali Khan demanding Bangla as state language
" 7 February 1949 - Central Pakistan education advisory board recommends Arabization of Bangla after receiving recommendation from Fazlur Rahman
" 23 June 1949 - Awami Muslim League formed by Maulana Bhashani
" 6 December 1950 - East Bengal Language Committee, presided by Maulana Akram Khan, recommends Arabization of Bangla
" 1950 - PM Liaquat Ali Khan declares "Only Urdu will be the national language of Pakistan"
" 16 October 1951 - Liaquat Ali Khan assassinated in Rawalpindi. Nazimuddin becomes new Prime Minister and Ghulam Muhammad, a public servant, becomes Governor-General
" 26 January 1952 - Nazimuddin declares "only Urdu" as state language in Paltan Maidan, Dhaka. This enrages people in East Pakistan
" 31 January 1952 - Kazi Golam Mahboob convenes "Shorbodolio Kendrio Rashtrobhasha Kormi Porishod" (All-Party Central Language Action Committee) with 40 various members. Maulana Bhashani selected as chairman
" 4 February 1952 - Abdul Matin forms "Dhaka University's State Language Committee" in language protest. Shorbodolio Kendrio Rashtrobhasha Kormi Porishod decide to declare February 21 as the day for strikes throughout the province terming the day as "Bhasha Dibosh" (Language Day). Gaziul Haq and Abdul Matin led student procession
" 19 February 1952 - Zillur Rahman leads student protest in Amtala of DU
" 20 February 1952 - Section 144, banning all processions and meetings for 30 days, imposed by District Magistrate of Dhaka on behalf of Pakistan Government
" Ekushey (21) February 1952 - Peaceful student, and later public, protest leads to killing by armed police. Amongst the dead is a 9 year old boy. They become the first shaheeds (martyrs) of Bangladesh. Chief Minister Nurul Amin ignores plea by Maulana Tarkabagish and others. Curfew announced by government
" 22 February 1952 - Gayebana Janaza held for Ekushey shaheeds, but more people killed by police again. First Shaheed Minar created in Dhaka
" 23 February 1952 - Tamaddun criticises government. Government orders crackdown of student leaders and prominent figures
" (17 April 1953 - Ghulam Muhammad dismisses PM Nazimuddin and appoints Bengali Muhammad Ali Bogra, Ambassador to USA, as new PM)
" (21 October 1955 - Awami Muslim League renamed to 'Awami League')
Opened in February killed more information is available in a variety of names, two martyrs who were killed rathakhola, Nawabpur they are: -
1. Ahiulla, bricklayer father Rahman Age: -9 years
II. A rickshaw driver Abdul Awal age: 26 years.
